英英翻译

英英翻译

Special Administrative RegionA Special Administrative Region (SAR) is a provincial level administrative division in the People's Republic of China. Each SAR has a governmental chief executive as head of the region and head of government. Each region's government, however, is not fully independent, in as much as foreign policy and military defense are retained as the responsibility of the nation and its central government.The People's Republic of China, at present, has two Special Administrative Regions, Hong Kong and Macau. They should not be confused with Special Economic Zones, which are regions fully under the administration of the Central People's Government. Article 31 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China authorises the National People's Congress to create Special Administrative Regions.Family Planning PolicyThe family planning policy is the population control policy of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It officially restricts the number of children married urban couples can have to one, although it allows exemptions for several cases, including rural couples, ethnic minorities, and parents without any siblings themselves.The Chinese government introduced the policy in 1979 to alleviate social, economic, and environmental problems in China, and authorities claim that the policy has prevented more than 250 million births from its implementation to 2000. The policy is controversial both within and outside China because of the manner in which the policy has been implemented, and because of concerns about negative economic and social consequences. The policy has been implicated in an increase in forced abortions and female infanticide, and has been suggested as a possible cause behind China's gender imbalance. Nonetheless, a 2008 survey undertaken by the Pew Research Center showed that over 76% of the Chinese population supports the policy.The policy is enforced at the provincial level through fines that are imposed based on the income of the family and other factors. Population and Family Planning Commissions exist at every level of government to raise awareness about the issue and carry out registration and inspection work. Despite this policy, there are still many citizens that continue to have more than one child.